Taxonomy of 'horned larks'

Links to the main on-line sources used for assessing distinctive features of seven proposed species.

Temminck's Horned Lark
bilopha

Atlas Horned Lark
atlas

Caucasian Horned Lark
albigula
balcanica
bicolor
penicillata
penicillata

Himalayan Horned Lark
argalea, elwesi, longirostris, teleschowi? (Xinjiang):
argalea
elwesi
elwesi (probable)
khamensis (Zoige, Sichuan)
longirostris
nigrifrons
nigrifrons
nigrifrons

Shore Lark
flava
flava

Steppe Horned Lark
brandti
brandti

American Horned Lark
actia, alpina, alpestris, enertera, insularis, lamprochroma, leucansiptila, leucolaema, merrilli, praticola, rubea, strigata
actia
adusta
alpestris
ammophila
chrysolaema
enthymia
gireaudi
hoyti
insularis
leucolaema?
praticola
rubea
rubea
ssp (Utah, Antelope Island):
strigata
strigata
utahensis

Pictures for which the URL could not be recovered
argalea (Ladakh); brandti (Russian Federation); khamensis (Zoige, Sichuan); merrilli (California); nigrifrons (Xinghai).